Other fixed wireless solutions

Point-to-point links are commonly used to provide connectivity between buildings, usually when a fixed wired connection is not available/possible for one of the locations. Typically, these connections will link one building/site to another where a fixed network connection is available in order to provide wider network connectivity. In these installations, an antenna or laser is pointed towards another antenna/receiver on the distant building. As these are line of sight solutions, they can be blocked or obscured, so careful placement is required. 

Range and reliability can vary depending on the technology. Small scale Microwave connections can connect over several kilometres, whereas point to point using Wi-Fi and optical are best suited for shorter range deployments, usually in a campus environment. 

For all of these technologies there have been deployments within the NHS in the past, however, it should be noted that these have usually been for short term tactical reasons (for example while a new building awaits a robust fixed line connectivity solution, or for a temporary building or service).

In the early development of the 4G technical specification there were two competing technologies, WiMax and LTE (Long Term Evolution). LTE became the worldwide standard and as a result there were only limited deployments of WiMax.

WiMax is mentioned here for reference only as there are still a few providers offering this service in limited locations.

However, it should be viewed as a legacy technology and is unlikely to be suitable or appropriate for usage within the NHS estate in comparison with other more widely available and used technologies.